1. 背景介绍
由于Oracle Database 19c会作为Oracle长期支持的版本，官方也建议大家选择19c这个版本。而最新推出的20c会作为一个全新的发布序列，当前版本是20.1，此版本的生命周期也会比较短，因此可以再观望一下20c的后续版本。我安装了在Oracle官网可以下载到的19.3的版本，完成了升级到19.6版本的操作过程，给此项目工作提供文档支持。

2. 升级过程
可以从MOS获得 Database 19.6 的 patch，名称如下：

Patch 30463595: COMBO OF OJVM RU COMPONENT 19.6.0.0.200114 DB RU 19.6.0.0.200114

安装Patch的时候，建议大家先阅读Patch中的README文档，文档中详细介绍了该patch的安装方法和其他使用方法等内容；由于Patch 30463595是两个补丁的合并，因此要分别安装其中的 30463595 和 30557433。

先检查当前Oracle数据库的补丁安装情况，使用opatch lsinv命令可以看到现在补丁是19.3的版本。

[oracle@sdedu 30463595]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17
Copyright (c) 2020, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-03-03_11-01-49AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2020-03-03_11-01-49AM.txt

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: sdedu.sandata.com.cn
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 19c 19.0.0.0.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (2) :

Patch 29585399 : applied on Thu Apr 18 15:21:33 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22840393
Patch description: "OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)"
Created on 9 Apr 2019, 19:12:47 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
27222128, 27572040, 27604329, 27760043, 27877830, 28302580, 28470673
28621543, 28642469, 28699321, 28710663, 28755846, 28772816, 28785321
28800508, 28808652, 28815557, 28847541, 28847572, 28870496, 28871040
28874416, 28877252, 28881191, 28881848, 28888083, 28911140, 28925250
28925460, 28935956, 28940472, 3, 28942694, 28951332, 28963036, 28968779
28980448, 28995287, 29003207, 29003617, 29016294, 29018680, 29024876
29026154, 29027933, 29047127, 29052850, 29058476, 29111631, 29112455
29117337, 29123444, 29125708, 29125786, 29129476, 29131772, 29132456
29139727, 29146157, 29147849, 29149170, 29152603, 29152752, 29154631
29154636, 29154829, 29159216, 29159661, 29160462, 29161923, 29169540
29169739, 29170717, 29173618, 29181568, 29182920, 29183298, 29186091
29191827, 29201143, 29201695, 29209545, 29210577, 29210610, 29210624
29210683, 29213641, 29219627, 29224294, 29225861, 29229839, 29235934
29242906, 29243749, 29244495, 29244766, 29244968, 29248723, 29249583
29251564, 29255616, 29260224, 29261695, 29271019, 29273360, 29282090
29282666, 29285453, 29285621, 29290235, 29292232, 29293806, 29294753
29299830, 29307090, 29307109, 29311336, 29329675, 29330791, 29339299
29357821, 29360467, 29360775, 29367971, 29368725, 29379299, 29379381
29380527, 29381000, 29382296, 29391301, 29393649, 29402110, 29411931
29413360, 29457319, 29465047

Patch 29517242 : applied on Thu Apr 18 15:21:17 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22862832
Patch description: "Database Release Update : 19.3.0.0.190416 (29517242)"
Created on 17 Apr 2019, 23:27:10 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
29515240, 14735102, 19697993, 20313356, 21965541, 25806201, 25883179
25986062, 26476244, 26611353, 26872233, 27369515, 27423500, 27666312
27710072, 27846298, 27957203, 28064977, 28072567, 28129791, 28181021
28210681, 28279456, 28313275, 28350595, 28371123, 28379065, 28431445
28463226, 28489419, 28502773, 28513333, 28534475, 28561704, 28569897
28572533, 28572544, 28587723, 28593682, 28594086, 28597221, 28601957
28605066, 28606598, 28625862, 28627033, 28636532, 28643718, 28644549
28645570, 28646200, 28646939, 28649388, 28655209, 28663782, 28673945
28692275, 28694872, 28696373, 28705231, 28710385, 28710734, 28714461
28718469, 28730079, 28740708, 28760206, 28772390, 28774416, 28777214
28789531, 28791852, 28795551, 28802734, 28804517, 28810381, 28811560
28815123, 28815355, 28819640, 28824482, 28833912, 28835937, 28862532
28863432, 28873575, 28876253, 28876639, 28884931, 28888327, 28892794
28897512, 28899663, 28901126, 28905457, 28907196, 28912691, 28915561
28917080, 28918429, 28919145, 28922227, 28922532, 28922608, 28925634
28925880, 28933158, 28936114, 28937717, 28938698, 28940179, 28940281
28941901, 28942455, 28945421, 28945994, 28951533, 28952168, 28954762
28955606, 28957292, 28957723, 28962775, 28965231, 28966444, 28974083
28977322, 28983095, 28983486, 28986326, 28986481, 28988482, 28989306
28993295, 28994307, 28996376, 29000000, 29001888, 29002927, 29003738
29006318, 29006621, 29007321, 29007775, 29008035, 29011936, 29013475
29014076, 29015118, 29017265, 29018655, 29019121, 29021063, 29021352
29024552, 29026582, 29026606, 29027456, 29027694, 29027940, 29031575
29031600, 29032234, 29032457, 29032607, 29033052, 29033145, 29033200
29033280, 29034587, 29037290, 29038528, 29039089, 29039510, 29043554
29043651, 29043725, 29044763, 29044954, 29047850, 29048289, 29048498
29048605, 29050560, 29050765, 29051702, 29052726, 29053783, 29056024
29056270, 29056560, 29059011, 29061959, 29062692, 29062848, 29062860
29062868, 29110526, 29110783, 29110790, 29110797, 29110802, 29110805
29111598, 29113282, 29113305, 29117526, 29117642, 29119077, 29120223
29122224, 29122254, 29123297, 29123432, 29123482, 29124368, 29125380
29126345, 29127957, 29128935, 29129450, 29129497, 29129712, 29130219
29131539, 29132938, 29134447, 29136111, 29138641, 29141316, 29141341
29141685, 29142667, 29144995, 29145214, 29145730, 29149829, 29150338
29151520, 29152357, 29155099, 29157389, 29158680, 29158899, 29159909
29159936, 29160174, 29162095, 29163415, 29163437, 29163524, 29163567
29167111, 29167342, 29167374, 29167940, 29168219, 29168433, 29169073
29169215, 29171942, 29172618, 29172826, 29173140, 29173373, 29173817
29174004, 29176318, 29177466, 29177543, 29177886, 29178385, 29180313
29180455, 29180559, 29180893, 29181153, 29181231, 29181620, 29181743
29181923, 29182019, 29183912, 29184297, 29184666, 29185193, 29186456
29189302, 29189307, 29189889, 29190235, 29190474, 29190740, 29191541
29192419, 29192468, 29192685, 29193207, 29194205, 29194367, 29194493
29194827, 29195279, 29195337, 29195758, 29196725, 29199635, 29199733
29200316, 29200700, 29201494, 29201539, 29202104, 29202850, 29203122
29203166, 29203425, 29203443, 29203604, 29205281, 29205323, 29205419
29205463, 29205767, 29205918, 29206109, 29206605, 29207073, 29208260
29208732, 29211457, 29211724, 29212012, 29212433, 29212611, 29213351
29213775, 29213850, 29213879, 29214561, 29214960, 29216746, 29216984
29217294, 29217472, 29217828, 29217848, 29218570, 29219205, 29219273
29220079, 29221248, 29221891, 29222031, 29222784, 29223833, 29223859
29223967, 29224065, 29224605, 29225076, 29227602, 29228869, 29229164
29229754, 29229844, 29229955, 29230252, 29230565, 29231133, 29232117
29232154, 29234123, 29237538, 29240307, 29241345, 29242017, 29242884
29243958, 29245137, 29245160, 29246163, 29247415, 29247712, 29247906
29248552, 29248835, 29248858, 29249991, 29250059, 29251259, 29253184
29253871, 29254031, 29254930, 29255178, 29255273, 29255431, 29255435
29256426, 29259119, 29259320, 29261906, 29262512, 29262887, 29265448
29266248, 29266899, 29267292, 29268412, 29269171, 29270585, 29273539
29273735, 29273847, 29274428, 29274564, 29274627, 29275461, 29278218
29279658, 29279751, 29279854, 29282898, 29285503, 29285788, 29285956
29286037, 29287130, 29287705, 29292837, 29293072, 29297863, 29297915
29298220, 29299049, 29299082, 29299844, 29301566, 29302963, 29303918
29304781, 29311588, 29312310, 29312734, 29312753, 29313347, 29313417
29313525, 29314539, 29318410, 29319441, 29321489, 29323946, 29324568
29325087, 29325105, 29325257, 29325993, 29327044, 29329087, 29331209
29331380, 29331493, 29332771, 29333500, 29337310, 29338315, 29338453
29338780, 29338913, 29339155, 29341209, 29343086, 29346943, 29347620
29348176, 29350052, 29351386, 29351716, 29351749, 29352867, 29353271
29355654, 29356547, 29356752, 29358828, 29360672, 29361801, 29363151
29364171, 29364177, 29367019, 29367561, 29368253, 29373418, 29373588
29374179, 29377986, 29378029, 29379978, 29382784, 29385652, 29386502
29386635, 29386660, 29387274, 29388094, 29388524, 29388830, 29389889
29390435, 29394140, 29394749, 29397954, 29398863, 29399100, 29399121
29405012, 29405651, 29412066, 29412269, 29417884, 29423826, 29429264
29429566, 29431485, 29435652, 29438736, 29439522, 29450421, 29451386
29452576, 29452953, 29457807, 29460252, 29462957, 29486181, 29507616
29521748, 29530812, 29531654, 29557336, 29558975, 29601461

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

然后进入补丁目录30484981；

[oracle@sdedu 30463595]$ cd 30484981/
[oracle@sdedu 30484981]$ ls
etc files README.html README.txt

查看要安装的补丁和现有补丁是否存在冲突；

[oracle@sdedu 30484981]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17
Copyright (c) 2020, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

PREREQ session

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-03-03_11-00-59AM_1.log

Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"

Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.

OPatch succeeded.
使用opatch apply命令开始应用 30484981补丁

[oracle@sdedu 30484981]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17
Copyright (c) 2020, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-03-03_11-14-00AM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: 30484981

Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '30484981' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1'

Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.javavm.server.core, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patch 30484981 successfully applied.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-03-03_11-14-00AM_1.log

OPatch succeeded.

安装完成后，再次检查补丁的列表，可以看到JVM 19.6的补丁已经安装好：

[oracle@sdedu 30484981]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17
Copyright (c) 2020, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17
OUI version : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-03-03_11-48-05AM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2020-03-03_11-48-05AM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: sdedu.sandata.com.cn
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 19c 19.0.0.0.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (3) :

Patch 30484981 : applied on Tue Mar 03 11:14:31 CST 2020
Unique Patch ID: 23248235
Patch description: "OJVM RELEASE UPDATE: 19.6.0.0.200114 (30484981)"
Created on 5 Dec 2019, 05:10:10 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
29540327, 29254623, 29445548, 29774362, 30134746, 30160625, 29942275
30534662, 29512125
Patch 29585399 : applied on Thu Apr 18 15:21:33 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22840393
Patch description: "OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)"
Created on 9 Apr 2019, 19:12:47 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
27222128, 27572040, 27604329, 27760043, 27877830, 28302580, 28470673
28621543, 28642469, 28699321, 28710663, 28755846, 28772816, 28785321
28800508, 28808652, 28815557, 28847541, 28847572, 28870496, 28871040
28874416, 28877252, 28881191, 28881848, 28888083, 28911140, 28925250
28925460, 28935956, 28940472, 3, 28942694, 28951332, 28963036, 28968779
28980448, 28995287, 29003207, 29003617, 29016294, 29018680, 29024876
29026154, 29027933, 29047127, 29052850, 29058476, 29111631, 29112455
29117337, 29123444, 29125708, 29125786, 29129476, 29131772, 29132456
29139727, 29146157, 29147849, 29149170, 29152603, 29152752, 29154631
29154636, 29154829, 29159216, 29159661, 29160462, 29161923, 29169540
29169739, 29170717, 29173618, 29181568, 29182920, 29183298, 29186091
29191827, 29201143, 29201695, 29209545, 29210577, 29210610, 29210624
29210683, 29213641, 29219627, 29224294, 29225861, 29229839, 29235934
29242906, 29243749, 29244495, 29244766, 29244968, 29248723, 29249583
29251564, 29255616, 29260224, 29261695, 29271019, 29273360, 29282090
29282666, 29285453, 29285621, 29290235, 29292232, 29293806, 29294753
29299830, 29307090, 29307109, 29311336, 29329675, 29330791, 29339299
29357821, 29360467, 29360775, 29367971, 29368725, 29379299, 29379381
29380527, 29381000, 29382296, 29391301, 29393649, 29402110, 29411931
29413360, 29457319, 29465047

Patch 29517242 : applied on Thu Apr 18 15:21:17 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22862832
Patch description: "Database Release Update : 19.3.0.0.190416 (29517242)"
Created on 17 Apr 2019, 23:27:10 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
29515240, 14735102, 19697993, 20313356, 21965541, 25806201, 25883179
25986062, 26476244, 26611353, 26872233, 27369515, 27423500, 27666312
27710072, 27846298, 27957203, 28064977, 28072567, 28129791, 28181021
28210681, 28279456, 28313275, 28350595, 28371123, 28379065, 28431445
28463226, 28489419, 28502773, 28513333, 28534475, 28561704, 28569897
28572533, 28572544, 28587723, 28593682, 28594086, 28597221, 28601957
28605066, 28606598, 28625862, 28627033, 28636532, 28643718, 28644549
28645570, 28646200, 28646939, 28649388, 28655209, 28663782, 28673945
28692275, 28694872, 28696373, 28705231, 28710385, 28710734, 28714461
28718469, 28730079, 28740708, 28760206, 28772390, 28774416, 28777214
28789531, 28791852, 28795551, 28802734, 28804517, 28810381, 28811560
28815123, 28815355, 28819640, 28824482, 28833912, 28835937, 28862532
28863432, 28873575, 28876253, 28876639, 28884931, 28888327, 28892794
28897512, 28899663, 28901126, 28905457, 28907196, 28912691, 28915561
28917080, 28918429, 28919145, 28922227, 28922532, 28922608, 28925634
28925880, 28933158, 28936114, 28937717, 28938698, 28940179, 28940281
28941901, 28942455, 28945421, 28945994, 28951533, 28952168, 28954762
28955606, 28957292, 28957723, 28962775, 28965231, 28966444, 28974083
28977322, 28983095, 28983486, 28986326, 28986481, 28988482, 28989306
28993295, 28994307, 28996376, 29000000, 29001888, 29002927, 29003738
29006318, 29006621, 29007321, 29007775, 29008035, 29011936, 29013475
29014076, 29015118, 29017265, 29018655, 29019121, 29021063, 29021352
29024552, 29026582, 29026606, 29027456, 29027694, 29027940, 29031575
29031600, 29032234, 29032457, 29032607, 29033052, 29033145, 29033200
29033280, 29034587, 29037290, 29038528, 29039089, 29039510, 29043554
29043651, 29043725, 29044763, 29044954, 29047850, 29048289, 29048498
29048605, 29050560, 29050765, 29051702, 29052726, 29053783, 29056024
29056270, 29056560, 29059011, 29061959, 29062692, 29062848, 29062860
29062868, 29110526, 29110783, 29110790, 29110797, 29110802, 29110805
29111598, 29113282, 29113305, 29117526, 29117642, 29119077, 29120223
29122224, 29122254, 29123297, 29123432, 29123482, 29124368, 29125380
29126345, 29127957, 29128935, 29129450, 29129497, 29129712, 29130219
29131539, 29132938, 29134447, 29136111, 29138641, 29141316, 29141341
29141685, 29142667, 29144995, 29145214, 29145730, 29149829, 29150338
29151520, 29152357, 29155099, 29157389, 29158680, 29158899, 29159909
29159936, 29160174, 29162095, 29163415, 29163437, 29163524, 29163567
29167111, 29167342, 29167374, 29167940, 29168219, 29168433, 29169073
29169215, 29171942, 29172618, 29172826, 29173140, 29173373, 29173817
29174004, 29176318, 29177466, 29177543, 29177886, 29178385, 29180313
29180455, 29180559, 29180893, 29181153, 29181231, 29181620, 29181743
29181923, 29182019, 29183912, 29184297, 29184666, 29185193, 29186456
29189302, 29189307, 29189889, 29190235, 29190474, 29190740, 29191541
29192419, 29192468, 29192685, 29193207, 29194205, 29194367, 29194493
29194827, 29195279, 29195337, 29195758, 29196725, 29199635, 29199733
29200316, 29200700, 29201494, 29201539, 29202104, 29202850, 29203122
29203166, 29203425, 29203443, 29203604, 29205281, 29205323, 29205419
29205463, 29205767, 29205918, 29206109, 29206605, 29207073, 29208260
29208732, 29211457, 29211724, 29212012, 29212433, 29212611, 29213351
29213775, 29213850, 29213879, 29214561, 29214960, 29216746, 29216984
29217294, 29217472, 29217828, 29217848, 29218570, 29219205, 29219273
29220079, 29221248, 29221891, 29222031, 29222784, 29223833, 29223859
29223967, 29224065, 29224605, 29225076, 29227602, 29228869, 29229164
29229754, 29229844, 29229955, 29230252, 29230565, 29231133, 29232117
29232154, 29234123, 29237538, 29240307, 29241345, 29242017, 29242884
29243958, 29245137, 29245160, 29246163, 29247415, 29247712, 29247906
29248552, 29248835, 29248858, 29249991, 29250059, 29251259, 29253184
29253871, 29254031, 29254930, 29255178, 29255273, 29255431, 29255435
29256426, 29259119, 29259320, 29261906, 29262512, 29262887, 29265448
29266248, 29266899, 29267292, 29268412, 29269171, 29270585, 29273539
29273735, 29273847, 29274428, 29274564, 29274627, 29275461, 29278218
29279658, 29279751, 29279854, 29282898, 29285503, 29285788, 29285956
29286037, 29287130, 29287705, 29292837, 29293072, 29297863, 29297915
29298220, 29299049, 29299082, 29299844, 29301566, 29302963, 29303918
29304781, 29311588, 29312310, 29312734, 29312753, 29313347, 29313417
29313525, 29314539, 29318410, 29319441, 29321489, 29323946, 29324568
29325087, 29325105, 29325257, 29325993, 29327044, 29329087, 29331209
29331380, 29331493, 29332771, 29333500, 29337310, 29338315, 29338453
29338780, 29338913, 29339155, 29341209, 29343086, 29346943, 29347620
29348176, 29350052, 29351386, 29351716, 29351749, 29352867, 29353271
29355654, 29356547, 29356752, 29358828, 29360672, 29361801, 29363151
29364171, 29364177, 29367019, 29367561, 29368253, 29373418, 29373588
29374179, 29377986, 29378029, 29379978, 29382784, 29385652, 29386502
29386635, 29386660, 29387274, 29388094, 29388524, 29388830, 29389889
29390435, 29394140, 29394749, 29397954, 29398863, 29399100, 29399121
29405012, 29405651, 29412066, 29412269, 29417884, 29423826, 29429264
29429566, 29431485, 29435652, 29438736, 29439522, 29450421, 29451386
29452576, 29452953, 29457807, 29460252, 29462957, 29486181, 29507616
29521748, 29530812, 29531654, 29557336, 29558975, 29601461

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.